Chapter 19 Mastering - Posted on 2014-06-11 by Katelyn Smith

• Dither= adds a low level noise to your audio signal to make quantization errors less noticable.
• Data is encoded on a CD using: LPCM= Linear Pulse Code Modulation.
• Redbook CD Standard sample rate and bit depth are 44.1 kHz, and 16 bit.
• RMS metering is measured = the average amplitude based on a mathematical algorithm.
• Loudness is achieved by: Compressing and limiting at different gain stages reducing the dynamic range and boosting the overall volume of the audio signal.
• Dither is used to Fix quantization errors due to lowering sample rate and bit depth!
• LOUDNESS WARS= the period of time from the early 90s to early 2000's where we saw less and less dynamic range in our music and more and more relative loudness was referred to!
• Ralative Loudness is a term that refers to how loud a song is= compared to other songs.
• PQ code is= Data that is encoded on the first 2 of 8 channels of subcode on the CD.
• Peak Metering= measure of amplitude of a waveform instantaneously as the waveform is playing back. 
• One of the earliest uses of something resembling DITHER was during WW2 when it was found that steady vibrations reduced the errors of trajectory calculation computers!
• A song cannot be made 100% ready for duplication, including, metadata such as ISRC codes and SKU #'s using pro tools.